Government is the monopoly of legitimate use of physical power” Essay

Functions of the Ruling Officer* Promote stakes and upbeat of the people* For the benefit of the governed* Protection of the inhabitants* Administration of arbitrator* patterned advance of the physical, economical, affable and cultural well- being of the people * Preservation of the state from endangerment (internal & external) Ideal Qualities of Governing Politician* Shall have the brains and ability* Political adulthood* ExperienceIn order to govern people he does not know or understand, he ought to possess the talent of a dash and extraordinary knowledge. * Jose RizalThe administration who fulfils the satisfaction of human expectation is good. The presidency that DOES non serve the needs of the people but governs to protect the interest and welfare of a few at the expense of many is not good. * Zulueta Government is the monopoly of legitimate use of physical power * Max Weber* The government is committed to promote* general welfare,* morals,* intelligence,* social justi ce* Ultimate gaietyRizal on the Family* Family- the basic and oldest social institution, a very important fixings in shaping the character of a child. Family determines* Childs social class* Religious orientation* Language* Upbringing of the childrenChildren are expect to be* Loyal* ObedientParents Legacies to children* Rectitude of judgement* Generosity of rights* staunchness in adversity The greatest honour that a son flock pay his parents is integrity and a good name.Rizal on Livelihood* Rizal vehemently objected Carl Marxs Communist ideology. * He regarded livelihood as the governments focal points to alleviate poverty Communism* ideology referring to the equal diffusion of wealth. * The government scoops up all the wealth and distributes them evenly or as needed. Means of having a viable livelihood program* Equal disgrace ownership* regulating of capital* Government buys from landlords and place it on workers Regulation of Capital was essential to combat the ill effects o f capitalism. Each persons wealth is based on his own personal production.Rizal on Justice Justice is a constant and perpetual will to cope to every man what he is receivable. Twin ideals of Justice System* Swiftness- feature of a speedy trial* Fairness- justice itselfJustice delayed is justice denied.No person shall be deprived of life, liberty and property without due process of law.

Law and Legal Instrumentalism Essay

truth, a identify of coherent rules and values in spite of startance a society, is a human process. As such, it is crucial to approach its natural covering within society in a practical(a) and realistic grit earlier than a buckram champion, which views jurality as a enured of mechanical and abstract principles. A legal realist approach on rectitude takes into account extra-legal factors which help shape how law is utilise within a loving con textbook. This approach does non view the discipline of law as a literal set of principles to be form on the wholey detected and apply, bargonly recognizes that the interpretation of law by legal actors is manipulated by situational factors.BrianTamanaha in jurisprudence as a Means to an End Threat to the Rule of Law examines how law, originally understood as an instru psychic to serve the amicable dependable, is now just a mere instrument to further the goals and agendas of those who use up access in its use (Tamanaha, 4) . In essence, the notion of a super C social good is no longstanding a qualifiable condition of law. In a complex, multi-faceted society, it is optimistic to presume that in that location is a true recognizable social good. Thus, lawyers, legislatures, judge and other legal actors be capable of exploitation law to further their personal or collective political, social and sparing interests.Tamanaha examines the ways in which legal actors, specifically attempt litigants and resolve, instrumentally exercise law. Thus, the limit instrumentalism, a form of legal realism, is a pragmatic method which stems out-of-door from a formal application of law by smallly examining try litigation and judicial activism. Although law whitethorn be used as a mechanism to fulfil a authentic outcome, it is not used lawlessly and without merit as lawyers atomic number 18 advocating for a broad social cause and judges use law metrical footd on the merits of the constitution, presumptio n the benefit of time and postulated reason of their stopping point making.Brown, a case regarding requisition within the United States emerged with lawyers stirring up lawsuits by informing Afri enkindle American citizens of their legal rights (Tamanaha 159). The process of instigating litigation was previously prohibited in common law practice it was not nonrecreationally ethical for lawyers to set lawsuits in motion. However, it became increasingly common for lawyers to achieve stir in humanity insurance and legislation by fighting for a specific cause within the judicial arena. This ethod was forward-looking in that the courts became a battle cogitation for interest groups seeking remedial change the decision of the law was not necessarily to compensate for any harm inflicted in the past, and to change the policy in the future. This expansion from the traditional bilateral litigation no longer was to award the affected parties with compensation, precisely became a method to puddle a reformative decree (Tamanaha 161). Eventually, cause litigation was an encouraged elbow style to advance societal goals, in the sectors of environment protection, political reform and mental health, to name a few (Tamanaha 160).Although such issues of public policy appear to benefit society as a whole, the intent of the cause lawyers who spark such legal actions is questionable to Tamanaha. The lawyers in these situations are no longer amoral technicians of law, but individuals who seek their own ideological implementation (Tamanaha 156). The cause which lawyers give towards vexs the primary concern, whereas the clients themselves are secondary, fulfilling the standing requirement before the court (Tamanaha 156).This can be very detrimental to the clients because they may not be mindful of the consequences of their legal actions. For instance, Baehr v. Lewin, 1993 was a successful lawsuit brought forth to legalize same-sex man and wife in Hawaii. Although the l itigants won, the ultimate consequence was detrimental following it was a serial of amendments nation-wide which prohibited same-sex marriage (Tamanaha 167). The battlefield within the court became not a place to determine legal rights, but a remedial catalyst in public policy. much(prenominal) political battles focus on adversarial ideologies rather than legal rules and merit.However, the work of cause litigants cannot be narrowly categorized as one that is purely self-serving. More often than not, cause lawyers instigate lawsuits by informing the oppressed and disadvantaged of their rights. By doing so, they use law to encourage political change to the otherwise uninformed public. These causes often grow to become social movements as it provides the basis for a sustained series of interactions mingled with power holders and persons successfully claiming to speak on behalf of a constituency lacking formal representation (Austin 2). This formal epresentation demands change from the power holders with a strong relief of social support. Often, these groups lack the resources and skills which lawyers can provide, offering their advice to enlighten the marginalized group to open up and nurture political mobilization (Austin 4). The instrumental use of law by judges is immensely threatening to the judicial system and to a republican society as a whole. Judges who use law to achieve a plastered outcome undermines the rule of law. The legal system requires that judges be objective arbitrators of the law.As independent bodies, it is ingrained that they remain open in their decision making and delegate basald on rule, and not personal preferences (Tamanaha 227). This is a crucial aspect of the rule of law, which binds the action of the secernate to pre-fixed rules, placing judges equal under and before the law, just as all other subjects of society. The rule of law ensures transparency and predictability which prevents the government from ruling coercively. It is an essential component to a classless state.However, when judges decide a cases, they may be inclined to achieve a particular result. In essence, they are using laws to achieving another end, namely one that strengthens their own ideological beliefs and interests. Whether it is a certain political philosophy or a particular social policy which they seek, arbitrarily decided cases and manipulated law enforcement defeats the characteristics of the judicial branch of the state. Because there is no particular hierarchy of values, judges are able to lift some while extinguishing others.The general hurt of legal rules allows judges to focus on the consequences of their decision. Their decisions will naturally be based on their political affiliations or ideological tendencies. Consequently, it is difficult to believe that judges are truly impartial in decision making. The result of judicial activism is that semiprivate attitudes become public law (Tamanaha 234). Furthermore, the procedural process of the case takes a backwards approach the decision is made first, then it is justified by the legal rules which judges find applicable (Tamanaha 236)Nevertheless, there is a certain form of procedure which judges are bound to. Although values are not ranked hierarchically, there are two forms of rights obtained from the constitution qualify rights and secondary rights (Bork 17). The latter is of utmost importance as it addresses the values held by the constitution, such as the right to vote or procedures in culpable processing, all which the courts need to protect (Bork 17). The former alludes to the principled rules which the original framers of the text intended to convey (Bork 17).Because constitutional law does not have a concrete theoretical premise on which adjudicators are required to base their decision making processes on, they are founded on neutral principles. That is, issues are intercommunicate based on general principles postulated on reason to ensure that unconnected values are not lawlessly chosen over one another (Bork 2). Granted, there are adversaries in the legal principles to which judges ascribe. in that locationfore, it is critical for the judges to recognize that in deciding cases, they are setting legal precedent, and therefore should have a firm belief that the values creation applied are done so lawfully.These beliefs are in intercourse to the legal system as a whole, not their personal preferences (Bork 2). Ultimately, Borks concern lies not with the decisions made by judges but what makes their decisions legitimate. The courts essentially work as counsels for the minority who otherwise would have no introduce on the issue at occur. Helping the powerless realize their rights is a form of advocacy that judges take. It is not about undermining the rule of law, but giving opportunity to access the law (Bork 3).Nevertheless, it is crucial for judges to base their decisions off of neutral principles just a s principles and values cannot be applied lawlessly, they just the same cannot be defined lawlessly (Bork 8). The critical run of judicial review goes beyond its obvious implications and expositions of undermining the rule of rule. It is unjust to presume that judges are completely unreasoned in their decision making. There is a level of predictability as judges are bound to legal precedent and cannot decide cases in an tyrannical manner.Although the courts are not pick out officials who are granted the power to delegitimize legislation, they are in many ways better equipped in making such decisions. For instance, the courts are distanced from political or social tweet allows them to make sound decisions in a timely matter. Elected officials tend to act on expediency and pressure when it comes to making value-based decisions (Bickel 25). Essentially, they are inclined towards one side of the issue in order to appeal to the interest of the predominate voters, as opposed to perpe tual to the fundamental values of law (Bickel 25).Judges on the other hand make decisions far from societal pressures, with more leeway in terms of time. This gives the courts the ability to make more calculated decisions, taking into consideration not only the fundamental values of the state but also the out of the blue(predicate) implications of a decision. (Bickel 26) In dealing with the pith and substance of a case, decisions are argued to be sober second thoughts (Bickel 26). Ultimately, the use of law within a judicial context by judges and lawyers is not an arbitrarily dirty process.Such legal actors are bound to the values of the laws within society. Such values are premised on the rule of law, the foundational concept of a democratic society. Cause litigants are often involved in social issues and advocate for those who require a formal delegate. These cause lawyers may use law in such a way to achieve a certain outcome, but this outcome results in change in public policy to those who are otherwise be unaware of their legal rights. Moreover, although judges may have their own social desires and political preferences, they cannot easily sway towards them.Their professional duty requires them to be consciously rule-bound and rely on the precedent. Further, the basis of their decision is on neutral principles. Such principles are not vague and abstract, but stem from the precedent of previous judges in common law. Instrumentalism is pragmatic in that it recognizes that law is not a math there is not a formula which judges rely on. However, social movements and changes through the judicatory ensures that fresh insight is continuously brought about within society, giving room for social change and progress.

Social Media and Sports

Has fond medias impact on the original sports earth been tyrannical or invalidating? fond media has made a massive impact on our culture. ane of the argonas that has non been affected is professional sports. In todays world, professional sports teams and pseudos from around the world fond function mixer media to connect with their global sports fan bases. Sports teams attempt to build a larger, stronger fan base by zesty fans with tender media sites. Additionally, mixer media sites allow professional athletes to increase their market might.However, they unlesstocks also severely harm their c beer, ad hominem heart, and their brand if they do non handle their sociable media interactions with care (Van Schaik). chirp and Facebook allow teams and players to be synergetic and personal with fans. They apprise utilise these platforms to not only deliver staple fibre team watchword upd occupys, but to share information nearly autograph signings, charity event s, or ticket specials too. One of the most master(prenominal) aspects of nearly(prenominal) sports team is that they have a loyal, festering fan base that feels mannikinred they are valued and appreciated. thitherfore, these fans will stand by their team done thick and thin.Social media provides the perfect opportunity for that. Sports teams and athletes are becoming to a greater extent and more(prenominal) than efficient at using genial media to create a positive impact on their team and their fans. One of the positive impacts of amicable media on professional sports is the ability to share news and information with fans through it. Social media websites are beginning to replace sports radio and melodic phrase networks as the dominant places to find the latest breaking sports news. It bes more and more sports fans are bend dextering to the internet for the latest sports news, updates, and information roughly their pet teams or players.More specifically, fans are uti lizing social sites such(prenominal) as Facebook and twitter. In fact, fans are 10 times more likely to check Facebook or chitter for their sports news than sports radio. Also, an overwhelming 81% of fans prefer the Internet for their sports information over all other platform (Blakley). Fans reasonable are checking social media to begin with or by and by the games either. More than 80% of fans interact via social media while observation games (Altobelli). I can attest to these statistics because I am one of this growing major(ip)ity. There are a few reasons I choose to use the Internet and social media for my sports news nstead of sports radio or TV. First off, with social media and the Internet I am equal to find information about my favorite player or team instantly. With TV or sports radio, you fundamentally have to take the information as it is leaven. For example, ESPN chooses to focus on teams from major cities like New York, Los Angeles, or Chicago. Very rarely wil l I be able to find daily updates on an injured manganese Twins player by watching Sportscenter. Instead, I can claver on over to the Minnesota Twins Facebook page or chirrup and find daily injury updates. Another upside to social media in this situation is that it is up to the minute information.Most sports radio shows or cable networks discuss what happened yesterday in the sports news world. Social media is constantly update so in that respect is a plethora of new information incessantly streaming. Lastly, I prefer social media over the other forms of sports news because they are readily available to me. Sports radio and ESPN are not evermore as mobile as I would like. I am not able to take Sportscenter into the car with me. Also, I do not have a reliable sports radio station to listen to in my area. At times I can get KFAN from the Twin Cities, but not on a consistent basis.Therefore, any sports radio news updates come about once an hour and are quite brief. Additionally, I spend a lot of time at my girlfriends cabin during the summertime months. At her cabin, they only have a few basic topical anaesthetic channels. ESPN is not available. As a result, I turn to social media and my electric cell phone for sports news. Rarely do I miss a cadency because of the efficiency and accuracy of the social media websites. Social media has already made a giant impact on how sports information is shared with fans. It is only going a trend to keep growing as technology spreads and more fans get old(prenominal) with smart phones and tablets.Another way social media has affected the sports world is by manner of speaking fans c mislayr to the game. As a sports fan, I can agree that fans always want to feel closer to the game. That is why people still give in ridiculous ticket prices to attend ball games instead of watching them on TV in the comfort of their living room. Fans have an urge for that link and closeness. They want to feel apart of the game. Social med ia sites provide teams and players the unique ability to directly connect with their fans. It used to be the closest you got to a favorite player was a post-game radio audience.Now, you can catch them on Twitter and have rare insight into their e realday world. Players use sites like Facebook and Twitter to give fans a behind the scenes look at what happens at home, in the locker room, and on the sidelines. Social media gives pro athletes the find to interact and share data with fans in a way that was not possible in the past. Fans used to only know about a player from what they read in the paper or saw on TV (Van Schaik) . Now, fans can find out what their favorite player ate for breakfast or what music they are listening to.Fans have yearned for this kind of accessibility for years and now it is becoming a reality. I genuinely have friends that make it a daily ritual to check their favorite players Twitter. Actually, creation able to follow players and coaches is probably the biggest reason why I created a Twitter in the first place. I chouse the inside look into their personal lives. It is very cool when you find out how much you do or do not have in common with them. One of the highlights of my Twitter public spiritedness was when I tweeted Kevin Love after a Timberwolves game and congratulated him on his performance and the teams win.A few minutes later, I authorized what is called a retweet from Love basically saying thank you. I was blown away. It meant a lot to me to know that Kevin Love took thirty seconds out of his life to tell me, some nobody fan, thank you. It is almost as if social media has taken the place of autographs. Before, you wanted players autographs, now you want players to say something top to you on Twitter (Blakley). Social media is a great way for athletes to transcend and engage with fans. It allows players and teams to share information with them before it has been filtered by the news media.Twitter and Facebook have b een instrumental in raising the profile of athletes in every sport. It allows them to give a personal perspective on all aspects of the competition, seemingly unhampered by various PR and marketing machines. While the majority of social medias impact on professional sports has been positive, there is definitely a negative side that should be discussed. In the early age of social media, some sports leagues had trouble regulating player usage of it. People who grew up long before the Internet age govern most sports.This creates a problem when they try to tackle the issues surrounding sports and social media (Westhenry). First off, there was the problem with players actually posting on Twitter immediately pastime and even during their games. League officials found social media to be a astonishment to their players. Accordingly, the NBA and NFL implemented policies that limited when players and staff could use social media. The NBAs policy bans the usage of social media from 45 minu tes before tipoff until after the players have fulfilled their other media duties following the game.The NFL stretched it to 90 minutes before and after games (Westhenry). The other major issue surrounding social media and sports is unconditional what athletes post or say. Athletes are and should have the freedom to share their personal opinions and ideas through social media. In fact, it should be encouraged for them to do so. alike Ive state before, fans have a desire to feel committed with players and love that uncensored feeling. However, if not handled with care, social media has the potential to seriously damage a players private life, athletic performance, and possibly their career.All it takes is a split second of poor judgment and one senseless social media posting for a major incident to occur. Many athletes fail to call in the impact their social media activity can have. Others fall victim to the dangers of creation provoked by obnoxious fans. When athletes dispose o f their frustrations and anger online without thinking over the consequences, the results are rarely good (Van Schaik). While there are legion(predicate) examples of this happening, I will only share a couple. To begin with, we can look at the case of Pittsburgh Steelers running back Rashard Mendenhall.He posted controversial comments on his Twitter following the death of Osama bin Laden that caused him to lose an endorsement contract. Mendenhall had previously stirred up a controversy when he posted his opinion about the 9/11 attacks (Westhenry). More recently, there was the case of San Antonio Spurs forward Stephen Jackson. He was fined $25,000 for threatening another NBA player via Twitter (Jackson Fined for Tweet about Ibaka). Countless athletes fail to learn from the lessons of others. It is baffle to me as a fan to see player after player get in trouble for something they said on a social media site.Many athletes fail to recognize the importance of their social media channel s to their sponsors and their teams. Also, some seem to think that because they are using social media that it permits them to forgo traditional media protocol (Van Schaik). An athletes words reach far beyond just their fans and followers. They impact colleagues, friends and their family. One foolish tweet can instantly turn into a scandal with the capability to damage the athlete, their team, and their sponsors (Van Schaik). A big fixings here is sponsors. Many sports superstars are actually brands in themselves.They represent their team, league, city, fans and sponsors. It is important to note that while some of their income comes from their sports contract, a lot of their money comes from being a public figure (Van Schaik). Creating the wrong headlines and wrong type of promotional material can cost an athlete not only thousands in fines, but millions of dollars in sponsorship money too. Every single athlete has to be certain of the social media pitfalls and consequences. Whi le many stars have been forgiven for their online troubles, the problem is that the commonness of such mistakes is growing.If the trend continues, it will surely damage the positive impact that these colloquy platforms have had on professional sports (Westhenry). I feel that the best way for the sports world to handle these issues is through education and guidelines. Social media is still in its infancy. Therefore, leagues and teams must educate their players on social media and how to use it. As social media becomes a larger part of everyday life for millions of people around the world, people will also become more educated about how social media works. This will help alleviate some of these issues (Westhenry).Lastly, leagues and teams need to develop a social media code of conduct for their athletes. For example, if a player would get suspended for cursing or ranting at a team press conference, they should have the like consequences for a social media outburst. If they would get fined for complaining about officials to a TV camera, do the same if they complain about them on their Twitter (Westhenry). Like I stated before, the more athletes and sports teams use social media, the more educated they will become. With a little common sense, some education, and a few regulations, these negative social media issues will fade away.Sports fans love social media. This can be illustrated by the millions of followers athletes have on networking sites. Moreover, athletes themselves seem to truly love social media. It allows them a platform to step away from the normal interview cliches and really have some freedom in what they say. Sites like Twitter and Facebook allow fans to get to know their favorite athletes on a deeper, more personal level. The increasing use of social media in the professional sports world can have a substantially positive impact on a player and an organization.While there is criticism surrounding its usage, the positives are overwhelming. There is no doubt that sports has and will continue to benefit from social media. whole kit and boodle Cited Altobelli, Diana. The Rise of Social Media in Professional Sports. 1 SEO. N. p. , 7 Dec. 2012. Web. 19 Dec. 2012. . Blakley, Julie. Sports and Social Media. Postano. N. p. , 7 Aug. 2012. Web. 20 Dec. 2012. . Jackson Fined for Tweet about Ibaka. NBA. com. N. p. , 10 Dec. 2012. Web. 20 Dec. 012. . Van Schaik, Thomas. Professional Athletes on Social Media Why slightly Get Fans and Others Fines. Sports Networker. N. p. , 19 Sept. 2011. Web. 19 Dec. 2012. . Westhenry, Rowanne. Sports Stars on Twitter Marketing Geniuses or Massive Twits? Bleacher Report. N. p. , 12 Oct. 2012. Web. 20 Dec. 2012. .

Batman Character Study

Batman is often referred to as an emotionless and inhuman character that does not buzz off any significant births in his brio. On the surface it may front like that, alone in reality Batman does have family relationships with people. Examples of these relationships are shown in the graphic novel, Batman Year wizard, and the movie, The Dark Knight. The first person that Batman has a relationship with is Lieutenant Jim Gordon. Batman and Gordon share a common goal of getting villainy off the streets. At the beginning of Batman Year One Gordon believed that Batman was a villain.Gordon feeling that he could not trust Batman. As the story went on Gordon realised that Batman was tuging crime and was a trustworthy person. Gordon knows that he needs Batmans help to help take down not only criminals, but the bilk police system in Gotham. And Batman knows he needs someone with values within the corrupt police force to help him fight crime. This relationship carries over into the m ovie, The Dark Knight. Gordon can now signal Batman whenever he needs assistance, by simply turning a giant trace light used to signal Batman.Many people do not consider Gordon a friend of Batmans but Aristotle does not curb with that. They have what is c solelyed a friendship of utility, which means both men do good from the other. Batman needs Gordon, a trustworthy man inside a corrupt police force. Gordon needs Batman, a superhero that can help stop all the crime in Gotham City. Another relationship that Batman has is with his butler, Alfred. When Bruce Waynes parents were killed Alfred became the father conformation in Bruces life. Alfred raised Bruce and made him the man he is today.Alfred has been there everyday of Bruces life. In turn, Alfred is given a house to brave in and all the necessary things to live. Alfred is very nurturing and is often there for Bruce with heavy(p) advice. In The Dark Knight when Batman wanted to quit, Alfred had the right things to show in order to motivate Batman to keep fighting crime. It is clear that Batman and Alfred have a strong relationship. Their relationship is closer than the one that Batman and Jim Gordon share. They seem to have an wound up caring for one another.The only thing that is keeping them from having a deeper relationship is the fact that Bruce will continuously be the master and Alfred will always be the servant. The last relationship that Batman has is with Rachel Dawes. Rachel is a childhood friend of Bruce and the have a go at it of his life. She is one of the only persons to know Batmans true identity as Bruce Wayne. In The Dark Knight Batman is often trying to save her. One example is when she is thrown off of the building by the Joker, Batman jumps off to drive home her.Another example is when both Harvey Dent and Rachel are trapped at different locations and Batman must choose which one he wants to save. Batman chooses to go after Rachel. It is very obvious that Batman has strong fee lings for her. Rachel and Bruce were once together but Bruces job as Batman got in the way. Rachel is now dating Gothams govern Attorney, Harvey Dent. This hurts Batman because he cant stand to see the love of his life with someone else. Batman shows the most emotion toward Rachel, and this makes him a very human character.In conclusion, Batman is a very human character with strong relationships. This is clearly shown through with(predicate) his relationships with Jim Gordon, Alfred, and Rachel Dawes. At a glimpse, it seems as though Batman is inhuman. But once you roll deeper you find he has many relationships and cares for many people. Many people say that Batman has no strong, deep relationships. This is not true. Batmans strongest relationship is with the city he protects. Batman made a promise to his parents. He promised he would make Gotham a better place. Protecting and cleaning up Gotham gives Batman the utmost fulfillment.

Capital punishment in the Islamic Republic of Iran

In recent years, many Muslims absorb come to accept the nonion of democracy provided there is a variety of opinion as to its precise meaning. They have sought to line Moslem forms of democracy, or popular governmental participation, seeking to provide an Moslem rationale whose legitimacy finds its roots in tradition.The Islamification of democracy has been based on a modern process of reinterpretation of the traditional Muslim concepts of political subnormality or consultation, community consensus, and personal interpretation or reinterpretation to support notions of parliamentary democracy this also extends to include representative elections, and religious reform. Moslem organizations such(prenominal)(prenominal) as the Muslim Brotherhoods in Egypt and Jordan, Algerias Islamic Salvation Front, Ind unitarysias Muhammadiya and Nahdatual Ulama ostensibly have advocated the principle of republican elections and, have participated in parliamentary elections (Common Dreams News Center, 2005) As with the interpretation of Islam, notions of democracy and the structuring of administration of justice contribute on different forms in different Muslim countries with different regard.through come out the Islamic ball, governments have adopted varying degrees of self-representation in response to remarkable historical circumstances. Turkey, for example, is a parliamentary, secular democracy. Indonesia is one of the worlds largest republics, but an uncertain(p) one as the nation still struggles to evolve a representative political system after decades of repressive authoritarian rule.Iraq is currently a character study in nation-building in the aftermath of the dictatorial regime of ibn Talal Hussein Hussein and Iran is a theocratic republic with a growing democratic reform movement. Whilst many Islamic states have moved closer to democracy, the said(prenominal) groups and States along with several other Islamic States, particularly in the shopping centre Ea st, advocate the demolition penalty as a capital penalization for many different types of crimes. It has been claimed that Irans writ of execution rate is second in the world yet to that of China.However, this assertion has also been variously dismissed by the regime as exaggeration of the facts (Gelbart, 2010). Nevertheless, the conclusion penalty is legal and provideted for certain crimes in Iran. Capital punishment can be administered for the crimes such as treason, rape, sodomy, terrorism, murder, the trafficking of drugs, paedophilia, kidnap and armed robbery (FIDH, 2011). The present Persian regime has been a subject of controversy and stringent criticism in the West for about time now.The current central disputes focus predominantly around the question and manufacture of nuclear weapons although it has also received controversy for its policy on execution and capital punishment, perhaps the most controversial occurring over the execution of those under 18, considere d by law as not yet big (minor league). These State-legitimised executions have been raised as issues because they directly violate the Convention of the Rights of the Child, a treaty signed by Iran which protects children from execution (EMINE, 2012).Iran has attempted to defray these allegations by claiming dispensation in these cases (and some others) because certain sections of the Convention have been deemed incompatible with Islamic jurisprudence (DN. SE, 2008). The Iranian regime has also received criticism for the assert use of stoning as a sum of exacting the death penalty, although these allegations have been denied by the Iranian judiciary as Western propaganda, along with the allegations of the execution of minors (BBC NEWS, 2005).In February 2012 a new penal enroll was adopted by Iran which officially legislated against the administration of the death penalty to minors (those under the age of 18) and those of who are subject to diminished mental development. In som e rare instances the death penalty can still be applied to minors who commit murder between the ages of 15 and 18 years old but only if the judge is completely surefooted that the crime was entirely and absolutely premeditated and that the perpetrators in question are as mentally developed as adults (Bozorgmehr, 2010).The issue of Iranian executions carried out against minors has also been a salient point in the campaigns of legion(predicate) human rights groups. These groups claim that in spite of Irans signing on the Convention on the Rights of the Child they are actually the largest executor of minors in the world. This may be due to the disparity of definition regarding children in Iran. The Islamic Penal Code (Article 49) defines a child in Iran, as stipulated by Islamic law, as someone who has not reached the age of bulugh (puberty) (Human Rights Watch, 2008).This discrepancy may be due to Irans use of the lunar Islamic schedule for the determination of criminal responsibi lity, as opposed to the standard solar calendar, which is longer. This means that in some cases a criminal who faced the death penalty Iran would be tired as an18 year old in unison with Islamic years but only be 17 years old in the Western standard solar calendar (OToole, 2007). As Marx (1843) famously asserted Religion is the opium of the masses.Throughout all history, theology has played the starring role in much of human conflict, with philosophical, political, sociological, as well as physical repercussions. Most of religions profess and share compulsory life philosophies and values, although it is commonly recognised that some religious entities and States have use their power to realise crimes against humanity. Some religious regimes have also utilise the respective doctrine of their associated religions, to carry out perceivably draconian brutality against their people, be it for political disagreement or legal dissent.It is difficult to foresee how Islamic societies can realise their tremendous potential without honest-to-god political reform. Evidently, it is not Islam that is the greatest obstacle to serious democratisation and reform against the death penalty. On the contrary, the most important impediment is the continuing resistance of established political regimes, whose leaders espouse the language of democracy but rarely permit political liberalisation beyond that which they can orchestrate and control.Mona Yacoubian (Gelbart, 2010) makes a persuasive case for greater internationalist involvement in urging the Iranian government toward greater reform. The key to the success of democratisation and reformation of the death penalty in Islamic societies is imposition of more granting immunity, expanding freedom of the press, freedom of religion, freedom of thought, and freedom to form independent organisations. The process may be long and slow but it must be real, sustainable, and measures should be taken to prevent the reversal of it.Hist ory shows that many governments in the Muslim world have become adept at promising democratic reforms only to fail on their promises ad deliver more oppression. In this regard, the international community needs to exert sustained pressure on the living governments to sue for liberalisation, democratisation and extension of civil liberties only through such routes can true societal freedom be attained. Real and genuine reforms are needed liberal and moderate voices cannot be heard in an environment of fear and repression.The United States and European countries should stop implicitly and explicitly supporting all Middle Eastern dictatorships and oppressive regimes (rather than just those who conk out in accordance with their political machinations) this they should do in the name of perceptual constancy and to promote peace and strengthen the voices of liberal Islam, rather than propagating sometimes spurious propaganda in order to exercise military power and at the kindred time undermining their own arguments.Muslim countries must also gain experience with democratic institutions and practices. Nonetheless, the success to the development of democracy will necessarily be dependent on the success of the citizens to ultimately resolve their inner crisis, but this situation in turn will always be hampered unless the general unrest and political instability either plateaus or resolves of its own volition.

American Revolution Vs. French Revolution

A diversity is defined as an revolutionise or repudiation by dint of replacement of an establi discharge semipolitical science or semipolitical system by the masses governed. While on that point have been numerous revolutions throughout the rowing of history, the devil almost arguably prominent revolutions remain to be the American transition and the french transformation. Thus, this dis incline provide show an analysis of the both revolutions by comparing and contrasting them with ace an other. In range to be able to do this, it is important to first understand the motives behind to to each one one revolution.Then, the main differences and similarities between these two revolutions will be explained. Lastly, I will be concluding this discourse by stating the relevance of its implications to this truly day. American diversity and the french rotary motion For centuries humanity has been both a dish and a player in the countless trys and battles that have enc apsulated this founding. The reason and justifications for these conflicts argon countless in numbers. There ar revolutions waged for supply. There ar in addition wars fought for wealth.There be battles tenanted for territory. There are even struggles and encounters over love. Amidst each(prenominal) of these rationales or excuses most people have in order to fight, the most admirable and morally justified are those revolutions fought for freedom. Sometimes, when looking at the world from a certain perspective, people realize that each society and each person fight a constant never-ending struggle. Each one may fight to live, to survive, to be successful, to be weared, to be loved, to be sure and most important of all, to be freed.Freedom, no matter how brief or insignificant it may seem, can thoroughly change a person and a country forever. A lot of people know and accept this by heart be sheath of their beliefs and because of history. Therefore, it is the essence of thi s discussion to set the spotlight on the American and cut revolutions which surface the way in rewriting and redefining the very notions of freedom and oppression in the world. The American Revolution The American Revolution was movement that effectively ended British Control and signalled the birth of a new nation, the United States of America.While the precise beginnings of the American Revolution remain extremely debated, there are many reasons behind the revolution. One of the primary f meetors that prompted the American Revolution was the ontogeny support for the political ideology of republicanism, which basically became the name and address for most colonists during that time (Palmer, 1959). The tax incomees that the British Crown levied upon America besides added to the growing rancor against the crown and strengthened the republican ideals of annuling corruption and the unjust government.Another major(ip) reason why the American Revolution started was because of the fact that the British were not including the Americans in the decisions that were being let inn for the taxation proceeds from the citizens or the Americans who entangle that they were not being asked to participate in important decisions (Blanco 757). The seeds for revolt were place by the resentment at the non-inclusion at the decision making simplyt given the fact that the Americans matte up that they made significant contributions to the coffers of the British.At this point in time, the American colonies lacked any form of representation in the governing British Parliament (Greene 831). As such, many of the colonists felt that these new series of tax laws were illegitimate and therefore refused to honor them. America, at this point, was willing to wage war in order to be properly represented and to be allowed to take part in the decision making process (Blanco 757). It had now take a common sentiment among the Americans that there were so many things that they felt had t o be done but were left unresolved due to their exclusion.America went to war not to prove that they were stronger but rather they went to war in order to set things right. America wanted to help the people in documentation an unsuppressed life and this was why they fought for independence. As history clearly reveals, the American Revolution was a successful one as it was a formula of the right of people to overthrow unjust and oppressive rulers and governments (Wood, 1993). The success of the American Revolution became an example of the first successful revolution against a European empire. It gave other colonies a model breaking away and become sovereign nations (Palmer, 1959).The French Revolution The French Revolution was a major number point in European History as it signalled the end of magnanimousness and marked the age of western Democracy. The citizens of a nation were no nightlong to be watched as servants but as a dominant political force in determining policies of a nation (Doyle, 2002). There are many interrelated causes for the French Revolution. Perhaps among the most obvious cause was the rising ambition of middle class class who were allied with the lower class folk in their attempt to overthrow what was then perceived as an oppressive monarchy in France during that period (McPhee, 2002).With the hardships that the peasant class experienced during those times, the bourgeoisie was easily able to manipulate them and gain their support. The fiscal crises that ensued due to the insolvency of the French monarchy led to massive poverty and hunger in France and gain attempts to salve the situation by imposing higher taxes finally caused the lower classes to overthrow the rulers of France (Doyle, 2002). This was based on the economic issues that were attributed to the monarchy and its governance in society.Louis XV was engaged in numerous wars with other countries. These wars sucked the wealth of the country in providing for the cost of war. This therefore led to the bankruptcy of France. In effect, the taxes were raised higher to the discontentment of the people. Moreover, there are also those who attribute part of the economic problems to Marie Antoinette who skeletal the money of France in indulging herself needlessly eon the country was execrable from famine and poverty. It was quite evident in that the country was in trouble.There was a high rate of unemployment while diseases and famine were lurking around the sidelines. This constantly change magnitude at an alarming rate, the number of people living in starvation. This was further aggravated and multiplied because of the failure of Louis XVI to deal with these problems when his reign had come. Socially, there are also numerous factors that figure outd the French Revolution. There was the vast resentment of royal absolutism. This further led to having negative sentiments against the professional and mercantile classes with regard to the bias noble and cert ain classes had.In addition to this, the privileged church became richer and richer while the poor and impoverished had less and less. The church exploited their power and learn in society at the expense of the citizens. Comparison between the French and American Revolutions The most striking difference between the French Revolution and the American Revolution is the impact that the revolution made on the course of history. The French revolution was basically an overthrow of an already existing governing (Doyle, 2002).The French were not subjugated or conquered people unlike the American colonists who were considered as such. The American Colonists had already retained an independent identity away from being part of the British Crown (Wood, 1993). The French revolutionists, on the other hand, were part of France, citizens who wished to use change in the ruling system in their attempt to alleviate their plight. The other distinct characteristic between these two revolutions is t he motivation or reason behind the revolution and the goals that each revolution sought to accomplish.The American Colonists sought independence from the British Crown and to invite out all oppression and corruption that they faced (Wood, 1993). The French revolutionists sought to implement change in the system and to overthrow the ruling class in France. The French revolution was not a fight for independence but rather a movement against oppression (Doyle, 2002). In terms of the modality in which the revolutions were made, the two countries differ oppositely. The French rebelled according to the exact disposition and essence of the ledger itself.The French stormed the castle and established their own rule. On the other hand, the American dealt with the British government differently. First, they tried to negotiate with England. However, case of this negotiation with England came no productive conclusion. England simply ignored this which actually paved the way for the declarat ion of independence by America. But England did not observe this declaration and kept on meddling in the lives of the Americans. Thus, the war of the American Revolution began.From a theological point of view, the two revolutions also are in contrast with one another. As mentioned earlier, the French violently rebelled promptly while the Americans first tried to negotiate peacefully. First of all, the Americans pursuit and struggle for independence was done through the guidance of moral values and influence of God. They sought to foster a way to achieve their independence without having to shed blood. While on the other hand, the French way was radically different. Their manner was fuelled by an invigorating hate and resentment towards their oppressors.They executed anyone who had any connexion with the aristocracy establishing a revolution of godlessness. In the context of revolution as an overthrow or repudiation and through replacement of an established government or politica l system by the people governed, it must be said that while the goals they sought to accomplish were different, both the American Revolution and the French Revolution were truly revolutions. The American Revolution sought the overthrow of the British system and independence from the so called colonizers.Under the context of revolution as it is understood in class, this is a real revolution. The French Revolution is also a real revolution because it was mainly an uprising against the oppressive ruling class in France at that time. It must be pointed out stock-still that had the French Revolution been carried out on a smaller outgo and as against specific pillars of authority and power within the French political system, then it could have been properly considered as a rebellion instead.The French Revolutionists sought to change the established political system to improve their situation. finish In conclusion, a revolution, in the real sense of the word, is any act or series of act s in an attempt to overthrow or relinquish an established government or political system by the people governed through replacement of the ruling class. Both the American Revolution and the French revolution possessed the same goals, the overthrow and repudiation of existing governments or political systems.A difference that may be made without deterring from the context of the word revolution as used is to classify the American Revolution as a revolution on a larger scale and as against a foreign government and the French Revolution as a revolution that seeks to overthrow the unjust and oppressive government. The societies in the world are greatly influenced by these two significant events. They remain as the lessons or guidelines that shape the way countries and governments deal and administrate those under their rule.Moreover, these events have been a model even to those individuals who have crazy, greedy and insatiable ambitions of acquiring power and wealth at the expense of o ther people. References Blanco, Richard. The American Revolution An encyclopedia 2 vol (1993), 1850 pages Carnes, M. C. , & Garraty, J. A. (2006). The American nation A History of the United States. substitution Texas College Edition. Boston Pearson. Doyle, W. (2002) Oxford history of the French Revolution, 2nd ed. , Oxford Oxford University Press Greene, Jack P. and J. R. Pole, eds.The Blackwell encyclopaedia of the American Revolution (1994), 845pp emphasis on political ideas revised strain (2004) titled A Companion to the American Revolution. McPhee, P. (2002) The French Revolution, 1789-1799, Oxford Oxford University Press. Palmer, R. (1959) The Age of the popular Revolution A Political History of Europe and America, 1760-1800. vol 1. Wood, G. (1993) The Radicalism of the American Revolution How a Revolution Transformed a Monarchical Society into a Democratic One Unlike Any That Had Ever Existed. Alfred A. Knopf.

Review of New Types of Relation Extraction Methods

This is explained by the fact that forms do non tend to uniquely grade the given sexual intercourse. The governing bodys which participated in MUCH and deal with coition source as well as rely on rich rules for severaliseing traffic (Fought et al. 1 998 Gargling et al. 1998 Humphreys et al. 1998). Humphreys et al. 1998) mention that they seek to add all those rules which were (almost) certain never to generate errors in analytic thinking accordingly, they had adopted a low rec wholly and high preciseness entree. However, in this case, many dealing may be missed due to the insufficiency of unambiguous rules to extract them.To conclude, knowledge-based methods argon non easily portable to different domains and involve too much manual labor. However, they stern be employ effectively if the main aim is to get results quickly in decipherable domains and document collections. 5 Supervised Methods Supervised methods rely on a training sink where domain-specific exam ples eave been tagged. Such systems automaticall(a)y learn extractors for intercourses by utilize machine-learning techniques. The main job of victimization these methods is that the increase of a suitably tagged corpus can take a lot of epoch and effort.On the other hand, these systems can be easily adapted to a different domain provided there is training data. There argon different ship canal that extractors can be learnt in order to solve the problem of administer relation line of descent kernel methods (Shoo and Grossman 2005 Bunches and Mooney 2006), logistic regression (Kamala 2004), augmented parsing (Miller et al. 2000), qualified stochastic Fields CRY) (Calcutta et al. 2006). In RE in general and supervise RE in particular a lot of research was through with(p) for IS-A relations and descent of taxonomies.Several re stemmas were built based on collaboratively built Wisped (YOGA (Issuance et al. 2007) Depended (Rue et al. 2007) Freebase (Blacker et al. 2008) Wicking (Instates et al. 2010)). In general, Wisped is becoming much and more popular as a source for RE. E. G. (Opponent and Strobe 2007 Unguent et al. AAA, b, c). Query logs argon overly considered a of import source of reading for RE and their analysis is even get byd to give infract results than other suggested methods in the field (Passes 2007, 2009). 5. 19 Weakly-supervised Methods or so supervised systems also use bootstrapping to make construction of the training data easier. These methods are also aroundtimes referred to as huckleberries information extraction. Bring (1998) describes the DIPPER (Dual repetitive Pattern affinity Expansion) method use for identifying authors of the books. It uses an initial small plenty of seeds or a set of hand- constructed extraction patterns to begin the training process. later on the occurrences of needed information are found, they are further use for actualisation of natural patterns.Regardless of how promising bootstrapp ing can seem, error propagation becomes a terrible problem mistakes in extraction at the initial stages generate more mistakes at later stages and decrease the accuracy of the extraction process. For example, errors that expand to named entity recognition, e. G. Extracting broken proper names, result in choosing incorrect seeds for the next step of bootstrapping. some other problem that can occur is that of semantic drift. This happens when senses of the words are not taken into account and therefore each iteration results in a move from the original meaning.Some researchers (Korea and How 2010 Hove et al. 2009 Korea et al. 2008) have suggested ways to avoid this problem and produce the performance of this method by using doubly- anchored patterns (which include both the variety name and a class member) as well as graph structures. Such patterns have deuce anchor seed positions type much(prenominal) as seed and * and also one open position for the ground to be learnt, for ex ample, pattern Presidents such as Ford and X can be used to learn names of the presidents.Graphs are used for storing information just about patterns, found words and links to entities they helped to arrive. This data is further used for calculating popularity and productivity of the candidate words. This approach helps to enhance the accuracy of bootstrapping and to find high-quality information using only a few seeds. Korea (2012) employs a convertible approach for the extraction Of cause-effect relations, where the pattern for bootstrapping has a form of X and Y verb Z, for example, and virus cause Human-based evaluation reports 89 % accuracy on 1500 examples. Self-supervised Systems Self-supervised systems go further in making the process of information extraction unsupervised. The Knolling Web II system (Edition et al. 2005), an example of a self-supervised system, learns to label its ingest training examples using only a small set of domain-independent extraction patterns . It uses a set of generic patterns to automatically instantiate relation-specific extraction rules and therefore learns domain-specific extraction rules and the whole process is repeated iteratively. The Intelligence in Wisped (IPP) attend (Weld et al. 2008) is another example of a self-supervised system.It bootstraps from the Wisped corpus, exploiting the fact that each article corresponds to a primary object and that any articles contain infusions (brief tabular information about the article). This system is able to use Wisped infusions as a starting foretell for training 20 the classifiers for the page type. IPP trains extractors for the various attri savees and they can later be used for extracting information from general Web pages. The disadvantage of IPP is that the amount of relations described in Wisped infusions is limited and so not all relations can be extracted using this method. . 1 Open Information origin Edition et al. (2008) introduced the notion of Open Informa tion extraction, which is opposed to Traditional Relation declension. Open information extraction is a novel extraction image that tackles an unbounded number of relations. This method does not presuppose a predefined set of relations and is targeted at all relations that can be extracted. The Open Relation extraction approach is relatively a new one, so there is only a small amount of projects using it. Texturing (Bank and Edition 2008 Bank et al. 2007) is an example of such a system.A set of relinquishments lexicon-syntactic patterns is used to build a relation- independent extraction model. It was found that 95 % Of all relations in English can be described by only 8 general patterns, e. G. El Verb E . The input of such a system is only a corpus and some relation-independent heuristics, relation names are not known in advance. Conditional Random Fields (CRY) are used to identify spans of tokens believed to indicate explicit mentions of relationships surrounded by entities and the whole problem of relation extraction is treated as a problem of sequence labeling.The set of linguistic features used in this system is similar to those used by other state of-the-art relation extraction systems and includes e. G. Part-of-speech tags, regular expressions for detection of capitalization and punctuation, context words. At this stage of development this system is able to extract instances of the four most frequently bring on relation types Verb, Noun+Prep, Verb+Prep and Infinitive. It has a number of limitations, which are however parking lot to all RE systems it extracts only explicitly expressed relations that are primarily word-based relations should occur betwixt entity names within the very(prenominal) sentence.Bank and Edition (2008) report a precision of 88. 3 % and a recede of 45. 2 Even though the system shows very good results the relations are not pacified and so there are difficulties in using them in some other systems. Output Of the system cons ists Of tepees stating there is some relation between two entities, but there is no installation of these relations. Www and Weld (2010) combine the idea of Open Relation Extraction and the use of Wisped infusions and produce systems called Weepers and Weeps . Weepers improves Texturing dramatically but it is 30 times poky than Texturing.However, Weeps does not have this disadvantage and still shows an improved F-measure over Texturing between 1 5 % to 34 % on iii corpora. Fader et al. 201 1) identify some(prenominal) flaws in previous works in Open Information Extraction the learned extractors ignore both holistic aspects of the relation language (e. G. , is it close? ) as well as lexical aspects (e. G. , how many instances of this relation are there? ). They target these problems by introducing syntactic constraints (e. G. , they require the relation phrase to match the POS tag 21 pattern) and lexical constraints.Their system Revere achieves an AUK which is 30 % better than WOE (Www and Weld 201 0) and Texturing (Bank and Denton 2008). Unshackles et al. (AAA) approach this problem from another angle. They learn to mine for patterns expressing various relations and organism then in hierarchies. They seek binary relations between entities and employ frequent items mining (Augural et al. 1993 Syrians and Augural 1 996) to identify the most frequent patterns. Their work results in a imaginativeness called PATTY which contains 350. 69 pattern olds and substitution relations and achieves 84. 7 % accuracy. contrasted Revere (Fader et al. 201 1) which constrains patterns to verbs or verb phrases that end with prepositions, PATTY can learn dogmatic patterns. The authors employ so called syntactic- ontological-lexical patterns (SOL patterns). These patterns constitute a sequence of words, POS-tags, wildcats, and ontological types. For example, the pattern persons ads section * song would match the strings my Heinousness soft voice in Rehab and Elvis Presle y solid voice in his song either shook up.Their approach is based on collecting dependency paths from the sentences where two named entities are tagged (YACHT (Hoffa et al. 2011) is used as a database of all Ones). wherefore the textual pattern is extracted by finding the shortest paths connecting two entities. All of these patterns are transformed into SOL (abstraction of a textual pattern). Frequent items quinine is used for this all textual patterns are decomposed into n-grams (n consecutive words). A SOL pattern contains only the n-grams that appear frequently in the corpus and the remaining word sequences are replaced by wildcats.The support set of the pattern is described as the set of pairs of entities that appear in the place Of the entity placeholders in all strings in the corpus that match the pattern. The patterns are connected in one sunset (so are considered synonymous) if their supporting sets coincide. The overlap of the supporting sets is also employed to identify substitution relations between various sunsets. . 2 Distant culture Mint et al. (2009) introduce a new term distant watchfulness. The authors use a large semantic database Freebase containing 7,300 relations between 9 million named entities.For each pair of entities that appears in Freebase relation, they identify all sentences containing those entities in a large unlabeled corpus. At the next step textual features to train a relation classifier are extracted. Even though the 67,6 % of precision achieved using this method has room for improvement, it has inspired many researchers to further look into in this direction. Currently there are a number of paper ring to enhance distant learning in several directions. Some researchers target the heuristics that are used to map the relations in the databases to the texts, for example, (Takeouts et al. 01 2) argue that improving matching helps to make data less noisy and therefore enhances the quality of relation extraction in general. H ay et al. (2010) propose using an undirected graphical model for relation extraction which employs distant learning but enforces selection preferences. Ridded et al. (2010) reports 31 % error reduction compared to (Mint et al. 2009). 22 Another problem that has been addressed is language ambiguity (Hay et al. 01 1, 2012). Most methods cluster shallow or syntactic patterns of relation mentions, but consider only one accomplishable sense per pattern.However, this assumption is often violated in reality. Hay et al. (201 1) uses reproductive probabilistic models, where both entity type constraints within a relation and features on the dependency path between entity mentions are exploited. This research is similar to shite (Line and Panatela 2001 ) which explores distributional similarity of dependency paths in order to discover different representations of the same semantic relation. However, Hay et al. (2011) employ another approach and apply IDA (Belie et al. 2003) with a slight mo dification observations are relation tepees and not words.So as a result of this modification instead of representing semantically tie in words, the topic latent variable represents a relation type. The authors combine three models Reel-LAD, Reel-LDAP and Type-LAD. In the third model the authors split the features of a duple into relation level features and entity level features. Relation level features include the dependency path, trigger, lexical and POS features entity level features include the entity mention itself and its named entity tag. These models output clustering of observed relation tepees and their associated textual expressions.

Love and a Roller Coaster Essay

Being in love is a lot equivalent being on a curler coaster, it is scary, thrilling, and can sometimes be painful. Its the feeling of excitement going up the first cumulation learning things about each other. Learning what makes them smile, their fears, or what keeps them awake at night. Its the pain of your first fight, not knowing if youll make it through. The similar kind of pain you get being whipped around a bang-up turn, or the lap bar digging into your gut as you roll down a hill. Theres a distinct residual between the two though, on a roller coaster you can constantly see whats ahead. Love is between two people, two oral sex waves, and two sodding(a)ly separate people.There is no telling where you are going to end, or if the ride will come to a complete stop before you jump. With love there is no set value, no admission, or any right or wrong turns. There is two fear and risk, you may get hurt, and you may not enjoy it nevertheless you put yourself on the line for someone else. You chose to put your heart in the hands of something, someone else. In the end the ride was still value it, you learned something along the way. Whether you feel joy, or pain you learned something. travel a roller coaster over and over loses its excitement, but with being in love there is always a new hill on the way. There is always something to be excited over, from just seeing them again, to skirmish their family and learning where they grew up. When you love somebody you experience a full throw away of feelings such as anger, calmness and annoyance, jealousy or happiness. You have difficulties of peremptory these feelings, because you understand that you are depending on the person you love. You understand that you are not just one person, you are two as a whole.

William Loyd Garrison

I will be Heard William Lloyd place Struggle against sla rattling In the early years of William Lloyd Garrison, Garrison believed in a gradual emancipation. In the later years, Garrisons views on slaveholding changed. He believed that there was only one true way of abolishing slavery, and that the most potent way was through moralistic persuasion. Although, Garrison was willing to allow a standard for slaves which was different from his personal views in using only moral persuasion. He believed that it was impossible to hold slaves to his standards of persuasion.Garrison withal believed that the oppressed may be justified in using force when necessary. Garrison and his colleague Isaac Knapp, and almost(prenominal) others had started to write a journal called The Liberator. This journal enamored at the very heart of slavery, bringing forth the evils of its creation and denying our utmost principles of humanity. The Liberator also struck at the Declaration of Independence declar ing that all men are relate and by that very pen which the Declaration was created sets forth hypocrisy in which knows no bounds through the depths of slavery itself. TheChurch was also held accountable for its refusal to blame slavery. This journal was a radical viewpoint in the nineteenth century. Garrisons views were curiously unpopular in the South where slaves were more abundant and was the essential ingredient of the economy. Even in the due north, with New York being the largest holding slave state, had no intentions of a total emancipation. Americans had no desire to live with populate of African descent. Many white Americans believed that those of African descent were unfit for full meshing in the new re in the public eye(predicate). Within the different areas of theNorth rationalize melanises were withheld from entry into public places, churches, schools and warned those free people of color that if they did not voluntarily leave that they would be removed. Often they were enchanted physically as well as verbally. Free blacks were also denied the right to vote, sit on a jury, testify in court, exact a gun or even travel freely. Free people of African descent faced many obstacles in America. Many opponents of slavery believed the only possible way of total abolition were upon removing free blacks from the republic. In the first issue of The Liberator, Garrison apologized for his previous support for the pernicious doctrine of gradual abolition a belief that he no longish supported. Garrison demanded an immediate end to slavery. He condemned slavery as a sin. He believed in the principles of human equality and he was persistent in denouncing the evils of slave holding. He believed in the eyes of God that white and black could not be distinguished. Therefore should not be distinguished in man made laws as well. The Liberator sparked opposition due to the radical enthrall on the society of the American republic on white everywhere black. B efore the circulation of The Liberator the District ofColumbia tried to keep it from being distributed by prohibiting free people of African descent from attaining copies at the post office. In North Carolina Garrison was indicted for distributing his literature and in Georgia the legislature offered a fin thousand dollar bounty for anyone arresting Garrison. In the years that followed he began to attract the more moderate community. This group did not repudiate the constitution for the antislavery coalition they embraced it and worked within the system to build political parties that would overturn slavery. For some reason Garrison distanced himself from oliticians who campaigned on the antislavery ticket. Although, he did not discourage their assault on slavery. Likewise, the antislavery politicians also distanced themselves from Garrison and his group. Although, no one would refuse the metier of that was drawn from the assault on slavery. Soon after the reelection in 1864 capi tal of Nebraska invited Garrison to the White House. Lincoln remarked that he considered himself only an instrument in the struggle for emancipation. The logic and moral power of Garrison and the antislavery people of the country and the army, have done it all. The liberator had been heard.

Poem Comparison Essay

All four poems that I read argon related in their purposes and goals however, they are also very different. Lucinda Matlock by Edward Lee Masters, Chicago by Carl Sandburg, Richard Cory by Edwin Arlington Robinson, and We Wear the Mask by Paul Laurence Dunbar are altogether about the joys and sorrows of animateness. How we look at life makes life wide-cut or bad.Lucinda Matlock is a story of a woman, who, by some standards, would have a life that we consider a mediocre. However, the narrator of the poem says that it was a good life and that life can only be truly apprehended if it is taken from you.Chicago by Carl Sandburg is the most closely related poems to Lucinda Matlock. In the poem, the mess of this city are dirty, evil, and happy. The people are not saying to themselves, Well, my life is horrible because this is where I live and this is my underpaying job. They are laughing and joyous because they have life. Chicago is unlike Lucinda Matlock because Carl Sandburgs ikon of life in Chicago is so much more misanthropic than that of Masters more optimistic characterization and depiction of life in the world.Richard Cory is a poem about an aristocratic man that under- appreciates life, and, as a result commits suicide. The narrator talks about how envious he/she is of Richard Cory. Only in the very end do they mention the accompaniment that he is actually a very sad man. This poem is a representation of the front that some people put up to hide out their inner selves due to embarrassment or many opposite impression of despair.Finally, we read We Wear the Mask by Paul Laurence Dunbar. This is very interchangeable to Richard Cory in its message. The message is again that there are some who sometimes cloister their inner selves behind a barrier of a put on personality. In the poem, Dunbar writesNay, let them only see us while/ We stick out the mask/ We smile, but oh great deliveryman, our cries/ To Thee from tortured souls arise.The second part of the character reference says that they have tortured souls. They smile to hide their pain and they cry to Christ for help.All of the poems share the common theme that life is what you make it and that people often hide their true identity behind a spurious one (As shown in Richard Cory, We Wear the Mask, and Chicago). Though the lowest two poems mentioned have more in common with each other than they do with the first couple poems that were talked about in class, all of the poems are similar in their ultimate subject matter.

Drug Dilemmas Essay

Read Case 5.2 on pp. 226- 228 Drug Dilemmas. (Of course, you must read Chapter 5 prior to practice the compositors case Chapter 5 is very interesting in many respects. We need to conceptualize whether societys beat social responsibilities and whether they have moral responsibilities in addition to devising profits. You can see its a difficult balance to attain.Go to pages 202-203 to read about Corporate Moral Agency and the 2010 Supreme woo ruling giving corporations First Amendment rights. As you know, the First Amendment gives us, among opposite rights, the granting immunity of speech. Although corporations had limited personhood rights prior to the 2010 decision, now they have rights indistinguishable from soul citizens. justice Roberts believes that a corporation, just like an individual, has many diverse interestsindistinguishable from the individual who owns them.Now, perhaps we need to reevaluate the responsibilities that accompany the rights given to corporations . If a corporation has rights equal to a living human person, then what responsibilities accompany such important rights?Here argon some ideas we should be addressing in this assemblage1. Given the nature of their product, do pharmaceutical companies have ethical responsibilities that other corporations wear offt have? In your diorama, are the large U.S. medicine companies good corporate citizens? (Hint Remember Chapter 2 and the Kantian good will, do no harm, always promote good, categorical imperative, or the utilitarian view of the grea adjudicate good for everyone involved.)2. Assess the motivations of medicate companies that do their testing overseas. Do you think test submits are being exploited? Under what circumstances, if any, are companies morally justified in testing overseas?3. Finally, do drug companies have an obligation to make new drugs available to patients who were involved in their development in the U.S. or overseas?No, I dont feel that pharmaceutical comp anies have ethical respnsiblilities that other corporation dont have. The reason I feel like this is because pharmaceutical companies have the ability to conduct research and save money and by tour conducting their research overseas they avoid any restreiction of the FDA. That when you can go to Kantian good will, do no harm, allways promot good categorical imperative or utilitarian view of the greatest good for everyone involved. To use Kantian again, great deal are being used as guinea pigs, because when using patients in studies and not being able to continue to help them after the study is not ethical to me. I do think that by tesing overseas the subject is being exploited because the help is not continueouly. They have the ability to test overseas circumventsLets engage in this fascinating government issue using your knowledge you have gained thus far. The discussions will be grated gibe to this scaleVery good, 10 points student demonstrates full fellow feeling of the read ing material and application of the material and moral theories to this case. Good, 8-9 points student demonstrates basic understanding of the reading material and application of the material and moral theories to this case. Fair, 6-7 points student demonstrates partial(p) understanding of the material, but provides some important insights.

Comparative Analysis of “Les Demoiselles d’Avignon” and “The Dance” Essay

The Les Demoiselles dAvignon (1907, Museum of Modern Art, unfermented York), is an oil on canvas create by Pablo Picasso. This is an image of 5 nudes grouped around a mum life. Of the five externalises, tetrad of the opines ar facing the viewer. There is a gulf in the fifth figure as she is crouched on the floor, her back aside from the viewer, charm her face, or mask, addresses the viewer. This vertically aligned moving picture measures 8x78 and was particolored after the Blue and Rose periods. The move (First Version, 1909, Museum of Modern Art, New York), is an oil on canvas delineation by Henri Matisse. This is an image of five nude women linking arms in an oval. This horizontally aligned painting measures 86x129. This painting lacks detail and complexity. The subterfugeist has used four colourise throughout the painting. These colors argon green, pink, black and blue.Picasso painted Les Demoiselles dAvignon after a notorious place of prostitution. The viewer is both attracted to the advances of the demoiselles, soon enough at the same time, recoiled with the horror of these prostitutes. This art belongs to a style of art known as Cubism. The savage, inhuman heads of the figures ar the direct result of Picassos recent exposure Iberian art from the sub-Saharan, Western African region. The violence on abstraction, flatness and angularity prevalent in the painting ar attributes of Iberian art. by this painting Picasso has lost the interest of naturalistic curves of the anatomy and has chosen to create planes. The figures search flat, two-dimensional and weightless. We can divide the painting into portions, i.e., the three-fifths on the left field and the two-fifths on the right.The left hand portion relates to the colors of the Rose period, while the shift in colors towards blue on the right is reminiscent of the Blue period. The primary difference between the left and the right sides however lies in the heads of the two figures. The f igures on the right are missing ears, their mouths are oval, their chins pointed and their nose oddly shaped. The ears, eyes, nose and mouth seem to be disjuncted and perhaps even dislocated for these two figures. Their shapes when compared to those of the left are grotesque. The excessive use of shadowing adds to the exaggeration of the African-like faces. Anotherexample of disjunction within the painting is the right leg of the women in the far left seems to morph in a block.In the Dance the viewer is no yearlong addressed by the gazes of the women. There is no audience-artwork participation. The women are no longer concerned with the audience. The dance seems to originate with the figure in the foreground, following a clockwise rotation. The painting offers soft linear contours that is pleasing to the viewers eyes. There is a disjunction which appears when the women in the foreground is unable to heave the hand of the figure to her left. This is where the tension arises.This br eak in unity shows that the passel is not complete. It shows the that the dance cannot continue eternally. The fact that one link in the chain is missing causes an unbalance. This unbalance is captured in the figure to the right of the figure in the foreground. It seems that since the figure in the foreground hastens her movement in determine to clasp her hand with the figure on the left. This sudden movement throws the figure on her right off balance. The five figures in the Dance are portrayed as caricatures rather than as real women.Les Demoiselles dAvignon is radically different in style to any of the paintings we have examined up bank now in class. The informality of the painting may suggest that it was mean to be a rudimentary experiment in form. It is almost as if the painting is layered with broken glass, and the viewer is expected to view this new, perverted image. In the painting, spatial depth and symmetry are destroyed. The space in which figures stand almost seems sculpted rather than painted. By observing the women on the far right, between the curtain, we notice how planar her body really is. Through the painting Picasso has distorted the ideal form of the female nude, which he has theorise into harsh, angular shapes.Within the painting are several sexual references. The pointed go on of the table in the foreground can be seen as a representation of penetration. From the posture of the second women from the left we can view her as either standing up or lying down. Though in the painting, the figure is painted standing vertically, the posture indicates that the position is more suitfor a horizontal position as though she was on a bed. This dual pose can be read perhaps as the rhythmical oscillation of a sexual act. The watermelon placed at the edge of the table can be considered a phallic symbol. The elan the watermelon slice extends beyond the table and towards the women can also be seen as another reference to penetration. Picasso has approached the theme of eroticism in a less conventional manner.In the Dance the viewer is no longer involved in the painting. One cannot read the painting on a higher level. Unlike Picassos Les Demoiselles dAvignon. There are no phallic symbolism. There is no eroticism expressed within this painting. It is the simplicity of the painting the audience appreciates. Matisse has gone back to the very fundamentals creating a painting of minimum detail and a very simple background. He has used blue in the background to represent the sky while using green to represent the grass. I am not suggesting that his painting was too simple to be considered a masterpiece. The simplicity is the beauty of it. some(prenominal) the paintings consist of five nude women, whose identities are unknown. Each mechanic has painted the basic forms of women, leaving out genitalia to illustrate that they were concerned with alone the forms of the figures. Both paintings offer an aura of high energy. The energy derived from the Dance is a result of the urgency the dancers have in forming the perfect circle and their inability to do so. In Les Demoiselles dAvignon the energy originates from the savage power these women possess. The forethought deriving from barbaric intensity of these two figures on the right clear out the alluring qualities the three figures on the left portray. In the Dance the artist has created the painting out of contours while in Les Demoiselles dAvignon, Picasso has firmly delimit planes with minimum of contours.Les Demoiselles dAvignon illustrates Picassos intense fear of women, his need to get the hang and distort them. Even today when we are confronted with this painting, it is hard to restrain a momentary fear. The Dance captures the beauty of women and dance through the traditional beauties of art. Picasso no longer considers the themes of traditional beauty of art nor the realistic portrayal of his subject. The Les Demoiselles dAvignon stands asa cruel re presentation to the delight of the senses that Matisses the Dance exalts.

Book Review on “Fat Girl” Essay

Book Review Obesity is an upcoming and extremely prevalent phenomenon in America today. Author, Judith Moore of the watchword Fat misfire discusses some of the issues plop girls face. Her book is less close to both stereo-typed adipose tissue girl and more about her score individually. Judith Moore chooses to take a several(predicate) route, instead of complaining continuously about be fat, she explains in wisdom why she believes she is fat. She is not lazy she expresses her knowledge of diets and her experiences of strenuous work outs nevertheless ends with little to no results. My flesh resists loss. My fat holds on for dear life, holds on under my bratwurst arms and in the midst of my clabber thighs. Food is a fuel, but to some food may be a offend reliever. For Judith, she had to face an hard put family life early on. Judith had always been a fat girl and her father a fat man weighing closure to 300 pounds. Her family was secluded and separately individual only cargond for themselves. Clearly her family was an unhappy one they used food as source of pleasure and hoped it would resume the pain. At the age of four, Judiths parents divorced.After the divorce, Judith was shipped back and forth between her moms mothers farm and her moms apartment in Brooklyn. These trips back and forth only created more wound up scaring for Judith. Her Grandmother had a strong hatred for her father, and being that Judith was a ptyalise image of him, she received the backlash. Grandma fed Judiths needs literally and figuratively speaking. Each time she visited her Grandmothers farm she was fed extremely fattening quilt foods, and with that she grew larger.Her Grandmother would make comments over how large she was and how she was growing, breaking her down each time. This led to Judiths reach for food to fill the hole created by her dysfunctional family. The love of food steamed from her unloving family. Her continuous convening of eating to fulfill an work ed up need led to Judiths lean gain. Judith proceeds to explain more emotional traumatizing events in her life that are male influenced.She discloses information that a man once told her she was too fat to get in bed with, and her experience of being manipulated into giving oral exam head to a man who she thought was a kind person, plot his friends watched and laughed. Not once throughout her book did Judith play the victim for being fat. Because Judith proceeds to tell the readers events in her life and why they make her who she is today, this book consider would be considered an narrative. The book gives some other perspective on another persons life.Judiths obvious intention for this book was not to complain about being fat, but to state the events of her life that made her who she is. She did not stereo-type every fat girl, she simply told her story and ways other fat girls could relate. This autobiography presents an issue of correlation with our society and obesity. It su ggests that obesity can come from emotional pain or distress. I would suggest this book to my friends, it explains that everyone has a story of why they are the way they are.

Discovery Wheel & Multiple Intelligences Essay

while evaluating the data from the denudation wheel, it was noted that for the most part all of the squad fell into the uniform range. Most of the squad appe atomic number 18d to score above honest in all of the categories on the disco really wheel. All half dozen of us scored high in attitude and purpose and all six of us scored low in tests and time. Money was split. For three of the fragments it was in the top one-half of the list and was in the place half for the early(a) three. Communication, revolution, and memory argon in the top half for twain police squad ingredients and in the bottom half for tetrad members.Reading, notes, and health were in the top half for four members and in the bottom half for two members. We all eat up a great attitude and know our purpose in life still we all have little time and hate taking tests. later on square offing the results for all six of us have, we all have some the same great qualities and each has their own droll qua lities to share which wees the six of us one great police squad. The information on intelligence shows that the free radical reads through a variety of methods. Some of these methods are interpersonal, mathematical/logical, corporate/kinesthetic, visual/spatial, rhythmic, and intrapersonal.This data shows that the separate is a divers(prenominal) collection of slew, whereas the discovery wheel shows that the squad is relatively in tune and has close to the same score in all areas. Advantages/Challenges of Diversity A successful diverse squad goat be achieved by bringing people of varying walks of life and geographic areas together so we derriere blend ideas and experiences to make an interesting and intriguing final product. Every person is contrastive and brings intrinsic talents to a team. citizenry are from several(predicate) places and count assorted things.People have diametrical opinions and thoughts on numerous issues. These different charges of thought process fag end often create infringe in a situation. We believe that someone diversity chiffonier create different points of view, both culturally and environmentally, that can be utilized to make a much meliorate and more creative final product for the team. The blending of different skill styles can lead to some amazing discoveries and help a stem to think outside of the box. If everyone thought the same and had the same strengths, then aught new or exciting would be accomplished.As long as the eveloping team can agree and establish good rules for communication and impinge management, determine a team leader, and be able to respect and meet reconstructive criticism from each other, the end result of the team should be an amazing collaboration of ideas. Cultural issues are another challenge of diversity that can affect team interactions through a different reasonableness of communication. Culture and life experiences have a great influence on how individuals react to feedback. Age creates the potential for communication problems based on different levels of experience and for prejudicial treatment based on age.Gender can likewise bring different opinions and perspectives that can often lead to problems. Affects of Diversity, Attitude, Learning, and acidify Attitude is the key to any team building. Lets understand that a person on a team has a malodorous attitude astir(predicate) an assignment, he or she go out not be giveing to be a team player and complete the assess they are supposed to do. If they do their part with a bad attitude, it will not be tiree properly. However, if everyone in a group has a good attitude and is enthusiastic more or less an assignment, we will all annihilate with flying colors.Diversity is very important in a group effort. We all have different points of view. If we have a whole group from different backgrounds, then we can teach each other different ways to look at the world. Sometimes this can cause probl ems among the group. We dont always see eye to eye. Having an gift mind is very crucial in teamwork. A person with a different lookout man on life will have opinions about someone elses work that they whitethorn or may not like. Being open to criticism will help each of us along the way in the journey to our future. The discovery wheel was very beneficial.It helped us learn that we all have different education and work styles. Some of us are better at researching while others are better and constructive and fluent papers. Working in a team brings out the take up of these in all of us. It is constructive when an assignment requires each of us to do a part. When we all do the part that we are best at, we cant possibly go wrong. Career worry Profiler and Competencies The results from the Career Interest Profiler show that group B is stodgy and Enterprising. Out of the three that were listed, Conventional and Enterprising were amongst the list for all team members.The results withal showed that two were Investigative, two were Social, and two were Realistic. Team B likes to work with data and details more than ideas. We prefer having a chain of command in place. Enterprising doer we like to lead people and are usually the decision makers. With that be said, we move along to the Competencies results and it was no surprise what answers took the top three. All members of Team B take initiative, can cope with pressure, and follow instructions. The team is comprised of people that can research, write, strategize, and deliver results.Half of the team is goal think and the other half is innovating. Although the competencies are similar amongst the group, each person has their own unique competencies they bring to the table to help make the best team possible. No two team members has the exact same results but it was good to see out of six team members, all six of us had a lot in common. Using Knowledge for Improvement As we sire together as a learning team and begin to bankrupt strategies for completing assignments, having the knowledge gained from experiences like the Career Interest Profiler and Career conception Building Competencies will be very valuable.For the individual, the results can give us confidence in our strengths as we accept assignments and responsibilities within the learning team, as well as knowing the areas where we may need assistance by other team members. This is the first step in becoming a productive team member. That knowledge is then extended to the learning team and we begin to see the value in each individual. The hope is that the combined competencies and varied interests of the group will overcome any weakness we have as individuals.Even more than just overcoming weaknesses as a team, we can also use the strengths of each member to teach, learn, and grow as individuals, which will impact the quality and performance of the team. Each project we take on as a team will require different skills, learning processes, thought processes, and levels of creativity and innovation, which is the basis for developing teams. The more we understand about ourselves and each other, the more cohesive the learning team will acquire which will lead to better general performance. Obstacles from Ethical PerspectivesWhile different respectable perspectives provide the team with diverse strengths, weaknesses also exist. Obstacles may build up from these weaknesses and diversity among the team members. Since team members may be driven by different ethics, the inability for members to understand each others pauperization may become prevalent. While one team member may be motivated by long term results and successes, another may be driven by what is happening immediately, in the here and now. on with motivation, differences in priorities between honorable perspectives may arise.There may be several members on the team whose priority primarily involves themselves as an individual while other team memb ers may be driven by what is a priority for the team as a whole or the community in which they are a part. Different ethical perspectives also rely on different tools to solve complex problems. Since team members may rely on different tools, thither could be negate about the best way for the team as a whole to puzzle out an issue or solve a complex problem. Each ethical lens uses a different process to determine the right action. This different use of processes could be perceived as an obstacle.Ethical perspective also determines how team members interact with each other since each different ethical perspective operates under a different set of determine. The differences in values can create huge conflicts between team members. These conflicts can hinder a teams ability to be effective in working together, agreeing on the right course of action, and ultimately, the teams overall success. By understanding their own individual ethical perspectives and those of their team members, the team can mitigate or overcome obstacles that arise. Using Factors to Resolve Conflicts but as diversity, attitude, learning and work styles, and ethical perspective of the learning team members are applied to collaborative assignments, they can be applied to conflict resolution. We all have different ideas of what conflict is. To some a interpret or comment might appear very serious, when another team member doesnt even notice it at all. These factors also surrender us to draw on each others strengths when in that respect is conflict present. One team member may be super goal and results driven and can help resolve a conflict by bringing other team members back to being focuse on completing the task at hand.Another team member may be focused on enhancing relationships and be able to soothe the tension and pressure created by the conflict. Understanding our differences can be used to create a positive environment just as they are used to create negativity during a conflict. Ethical perspective can help each of us remember how the other team member views the world and will help bring the person around when there is conflict. By understanding and accentuating that all of these things make us individuals and having individuals on the team working together, makes the team successful and conflicts can be resolved.

Elopement Essay

Write a brief essay on how society would view Lydia chances of making a good marriage after the elopement. In the 1 9th century, elopement was completely frowned upon by society. It was seen as something that would shame the family and playact down the family name. Society would not adjudge agreed to the marriage collectable to the pargonnts feeling that the marriage would not have been successful because of the difference of status. Lydia parents are expected to pay for hers and Hacksaws wedding.Money, business and status was the main reason marriages were to dislodge and if neither parents or society approved of your session, elopement was your answer. Lydia and Mr. Hickman decided to elope without anyone discerning because they knew that their parents would not approve. However, I feel that they concentrated less on the part where they have to face everybody again and how the family would never be able to provoke rid of this bad reputation that has now been formed because o f them, especially towards the tarry of the Bennett girls.To elope in the 1 9th century, you must travel to Scotland where you wouldnt need anyones consent. In order to travel to Scotland, the transport was either by horse or horse and carriage (which traveled at around 5-7 pH), the process took many an(prenominal) weeks. Society would have thought that Lydia was definitely im processed and touched earlier the time she had reached Scotland where the marriage was to be secured and completed. This would have definitely affected the wait of the Bennett sisters in terms of attracting future spouses.Society believed that if one Bennett sister can elope, what is tenia the rest of them? They were all brought up by the same people. Premarital sexuality was viewed as one of the biggest sins you could commit nil 9th Century England. It was seen to be pure and loyal to save your virginity until our wedding night and if you were to lose it before hence you were seen as a slut and no long er respectable, this furthermore would have entirely affected your familys name.Sex outside marriage may have thence resulted in having a child out of wed-lock and this was taken very ill by society, they would believe that this would affect Lydia chances of having a good marriage by assuming that both of them will only do this again and mayhap even their children too.