Freedom Fighters Essay

Nelson Mandela was a visionary freedom competitivenesser who brought most the end of an apartheid society and solidified the democratic picks of presidents by majority figure to southbound Africa. Born in 1918, Mandelas early introduction to clue in the Thembu tribe molded his democratic beliefs (Nelson Mandela, 2009). His youth found him exposed to Western culture which ultimately direct him to abandon the Thembu culture and relocate to Johannesburg (Nelson Mandela, 2009). It was during his early years in Johannesburg that he explored the mevery political philosophies that surround him. It was also during this time that Mandela began thoughtful observation and contemplation of the struggles of the black work force and women in South Africa. Mandela came to the conclusion, It was not lack of ability that limited my people, still lack of opportunity (Sohail, 2005). His profound dissatisfaction with the apartheid society and the oppression of his people last led him to join the African National Congress or ANC in 1944 (Nelson Mandela, 2009). In 1948, the Afrikaner dominated National caller established the apartheid usance into law (Sohail, 2005). In response to this the ANC initiated the Campaign for the Defiance of Unjust Laws at the urging of Mandela (Sohail, 2005).This was the turning point for the ANC and the beginning of Mandelas rise to recognised leader within the ANC. Prior to this campaign the ANC was move to peaceful negotiations. With Mandelas convincing they converted to non angry protesting with the goal of perturbationing the white nonage presidential term and putting an end to the apartheid laws (Nelson Mandela, 2009). These un victoryful protests were met with tearing opposition. It was one such violent encounter that propelled Nelson Mandela and the ANC to adopt violence as a means of protest. In 1960, sixty nine protestors were killed by government activity police, this act ultimately lead to the development of Umkhonto we Si zwe (Spear of the Nation) by Nelson Mandela (Nelson Mandela, 2009). The Umkhonto we Sizwe was an offshoot of the ANC whose sole purpose was to engage in violent sabotage of the government. It was Nelson Mandelas activities within the Umkhonto we Sizwe that ultimately led to his earmark and incarceration. His trial and sentencing captivated a cosmea audience and forced the actions of the South African government into an international spotlight.(Nelson Mandela, 2009).Fully expecting thedeath penalty, Mandela rebutted the idea of quest appeal recognizing the strength of his position in regard to the cause If anything we cl eerness serve the cause greater in death as martyrs than we ever could in life (Sohail, 2005). Nelson Mandela was sentenced to life imprisonment and solidified his standing as a symbolic embodiment of South Africans fight for freedom (Nelson Mandela, 2009). While incarcerated the violence that Mandela birthed encompassd to escalate over the years. The world cont inued to pay attention and the join Nations began supporting sanctions against the South African government (Sohail, 2005). Mandela, aware of the violent chaos, began to contemplate a intensify in strategy. Recognizing that the movement he began was not vast enough to outright overthrow the existing government he began to consider the possibility of negotiations. At the top side of the violence and with increasing international pressure the South African government was ready to negotiate as well. The send-off of many secret encounter took place in 1988 between President Botha and Nelson Mandela (Nelson Mandela, 2009).While these negotiations failed to produce any compromises they set the precedent for Bothas successor F.W. de Klerk in 1989. President de Klerk was committed to change and meaningful negotiations. With the help of President de Klerk, Mandela established the foundation on which the ANC and the South African Government would negotiate (Sohail, 2005). President de Kl erk overturned several(prenominal) of the apartheid laws and ensured Mandela his freedom. Nelson Mandela, to the celebration of millions, was released on February 11, 1990 (Sohail, 2005). After spending 27 years in prison, Nelson Mandela and F.W. de Klerk mediated the negotiation of the multicompany Convention for a Democratic South Africa (Nelson Mandela, 2009). The completion of these negotiations was the Record of Understanding signed by Mandela and de Klerk in 1992 establishing a freely elective constitutional assembly (Nelson Mandela, 2009) and the drafting of a new constitution. The low gear free democratic elections took place on April 27, 1994 (Nelson Mandela, 2009), effectively ending the minority white reign and the apartheid laws. For Mandelas significant contributions and sacrifices to bring about these accessible and political changes he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993(Nelson Mandela, 2009).Andrew capital of disseminated multiple sclerosis was a revolutio nist and the 7th President of the unify States. It was though this pursuit of the United States presidencythat he changed the political landscape changing the way presidents were elected and solidifying presidential advocate. He further initiated significant change with the translation of the aborigine Americans westward. (Red hammock Productions, 2007) Andrew capital of Mississippi was born 1767 in South Carolina. orphaned by the Revolutionary War at the age of 15, he speedily developed a reputation of being hot tempered and violent (Red pitchers mound Productions, 2007). Yet at the same time, he maintained a strong work ethic and earned a law degree. He relocated to the frontier lands of Tennessee at the age of 20 to serve as a public prosecutor. It was during this period in his life that he first experienced formal politics. Serving as Tennessees first illustration he quickly became disenchanted with the political scene. Frustrated with ineffective mission meetings and w hat he saw as utmost reaching corruption, he returned to Tennessee where he became a superior court judge. (Red hammock Productions, 2007) At the urging of his supporters and amid far reaching frequentity, capital of Mississippi once again entered politics with a supplicate for the 1822 presidential race. Andrew Jackson was defeated in 1824 despite winning the popular vote. John Quincy Adams was awarded the presidency at the discretion of the sitting House of dependable example (Andrew Jackson, 1997).Empowered by what they saw as a corrupt election process where presidents were decided via the political elite and not the will of the joint people, Jacksons supports organized the first Democratic Party (Red Hill Productions, 2007). United under the Democratic Party the common people led a feverish campaign. This campaign culminated in the electing of Andrew Jackson to the presidency in 1828 (Red Hill Productions, 2007). Recognizing the political power of an organized party the Republican Party was realized later in the decade. Originally dubbed the National Whig Party (Red Hill Productions, 2007), the birth of this party laid the foundation for a both party political system that continues to dominate politics today. During Andrew Jacksons two term presidency he further enacted political change by redefining the role of President within the government. In juxtaposition with the founding fathers, Jackson saw the role of the President as the leader in government rather than the Congress (Red Hill Productions, 2007). Being the only position in government to be elected by the vast majority of the common people, Andrew Jackson envisioned the presidential responsibility as to serve the good of all people (Red Hill Productions, 2007).Withthis responsibility came great power which Jackson wielded with great efficiency. He invoked his executive power and utilized his veto power vehemently (Red Hill Productions, 2007). With this wide sweeping reform and successful passing of political power to the President, Andrew Jackson is credited with being the first juvenile President (Red Hill Productions, 2007). While serving as President, Andrew Jackson located to secure westward magnification of the United States enacted even further political and social change with the Indian remotion make of 1830 (Red Hill Productions, 2007). Jackson was the catalyst that ultimately concluded with the displacement of the Native Americans east of the Mississippi (Red Hill Productions, 2007). Recognizing the significance of westward elaboration for the continued success of the United States, Jackson introduced the Indian Removal Act in a inwardness to Congress in 1830 (Red Hill Productions, 2007). This displacement of the Native Americans would open Native American lands for the white Americans to develop and expand westward. The Indian Removal Act was passed by Congress in 1830 (Red Hill Productions, 2007).Despite the Supreme appeal ruling in favor of the Ch erokee people, Andrew Jackson moved forward with the Indian Removal Act forcing a westward movement of the Cherokee people (Red Hill Productions, 2007). This westward movement was famously termed the Trail of Tears (Red Hill Productions, 2007). This impact the Creek and Seminole people as well and effectively solidified the expansion of the white farmers and business entrepreneurs on the land west of the Mississippi for the American people (Red Hill Productions, 2007). Andrew Jacksons contribution of the establishing of political parties and the expansion of presidential power solidifies his legacy of enacting significant political and social change. These contributions continue to remain the foundation of politics in the United States. His Indian Removal Act was an equally significant example of political and social change that allowed the United States to expand westward. This westward expansion firmly cemented the continued success of the United States.ReferencesAndrew Jackson. (1997). In Biography Reference Bank. Retrieved from http//ehis.ebscohost.com/ehost/delivery?sid=986fb1e9-82c5-4a86-8443-28de1ed235%40sessionmgr112&vid=13&hid=4208 Nelson Mandela. (2009). In Biography